【外刊精读】 美国黑人学生的现状！
·外刊精读·美国黑人学生跟其它族裔的学生所处的环境是否相同？今天让我们跟随外刊一同了解。原文导读Discrimination and caretaking contribute to lower college completion rate for Black studentsBlack students reportedfacing barriers thatprevent themfrom completing theirundergraduate studies in six years or less,regardless ofthe type of certificate or degree program, according to research published Thursday by Gallup and the Lumina Foundation. The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencingacts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that caninterfere with completing coursework.Twenty-one percent of Black respondents said they felt discriminated againstfrequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. Black studentswere also morelikely to have shared that they felt disrespected or psychologically unsafe at an institution while learning. Twenty-eight percent of Black students whoattended an institution with little diversity felt physically unsafe, while 26% felt disrespected and 27% felt psychologically unsafe.Managingmultiple priorities was another factor interfering with Black students’ education goals. The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups.Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to take out more loans to cover the cost of attending college.Courtney Brown,vice president of strategic impact and planning at the Lumina Foundation, said that ultimately, lowercollege enrollment and completion creates “a huge problem for our economy and our society.”知识点解读第一段：Black students reported facing barriers that prevent them from completing their undergraduate studies in six years or less, regardless of the type of certificate or degree program, according to research published Thursday by Gallup and the Lumina Foundation. The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework.
参考译文：
美国盖洛普和卢米纳基金会周四公布的一项研究显示，黑人学生无论是在何种证书或学位课程上，都面临着阻碍他们在六年或更短时间内完成本科学业的阻碍。研究发现，导致黑人学生毕业率较低的最重要因素是遭受歧视和外部需处理优先的事项。
知识点解读：
1.face barriers：遇到障碍。
2.prevent from：“预防，防止”，例如，“These regulations can prevent from the accidents. 这些规则可以预防发生意外。”其近义表达为：discourage from：劝阻，例如，，“His parents discouraged him from joining the airforce. 他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。”
3.undergraduate study：大学生活，我们所说的“本科生”就是“undergraduate student”或者直接说“undergraduate”。
拓展学习各个学段的相关表达：托儿所 nursery幼儿园 kindergarten小学 elementary school / primary school中学（初中➕高中）secondary school / middle school
初中 junior school / junior middle school高中 senior school / senior middle school / high school学院 college大学 university年制大一到大四学生 freshman/ sophomore/ junior/ senior（三年制大二大三学生表示为 junior senior 五年制大三大三均表示为 sophomore）本科生 undergraduate本科毕业生 graduate bachelor（学士）硕士生 postgraduate硕士毕业生 master博士生 doctoral student / doctoral candidate博士毕业生 doctor在读本科/硕士/博士生 candidate
4.regardless of：不顾，不管，例如，“I shall go regardless of the weather.无论天气好坏，我都要去。”其同意表达还有：in spite of：In spite of her illness , she is relatively cheerful.她尽管有病，但仍很快乐。
5.experience acts of discrimination：被歧视
6.interfere with：干涉；干预；妨碍，例如，“She never allows her private affairs to interfere with production.她从不为个人事情耽误生产。”常见的其他表达还有：interfere in：干涉，介入（与事搭配），例如，“When others interfere in the affair , it always makes troubles.他人一插手，棘手的事情就来了。”
大家要注意区分这几个词：Interfere：侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。intervene：书面用词，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle：指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事，隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。
第二段：Twenty-one percent of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. Black students were also more likely to have shared that they felt disrespected or psychologically unsafe at an institution while learning. Twenty-eight percent of Black students who attended an institution with little diversity felt physically unsafe, while 26% felt disrespected and 27% felt psychologically unsafe.
参考译文：21%的黑人受访者表示，他们经常或偶尔感到被歧视，而其它族裔的学生仅有15%。黑人学生也更有可能在校学习时感到不被尊重或心理上感到不安全。在多元文化程度低的学校就读的黑人学生中，28%的人感到人身不安全，26%的人感到不被尊重，27%的人感到心理不安全。
知识点解读：
1.frequently or occasionally：偶尔或频繁。
2.be likely to: 很有可能会……，例如，“Our failure is likely to spell heavy losses.我们的失败可能招致重大的损失。”类似的表达有：it seems/ is likely that：似乎很可能…，例如，“It is likely that the cost will be greater than we think.花费很可能比我们料想的要大。”
3.attend an institution：上大学，“attend”有非常多的意思，大家要注意区分：出席，到场，参加；上，到：例如，“You do us a great honor by attending.你肯光临使我们感到无比荣幸。”看护，照料：例如，“The patient has a nurse attending ( on ) him.病人有护士侍候。”
常见的词组还有：attend a meeting 参加会议attend school 上学；去上学attend class 上课attend on 照料；侍候attend a lecture 听关于……的讲座；上课attend university 上大学attend by 伴着
第三段：Managing multiple priorities was another factor interfering with Black students’ education goals. The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups.
参考译文：处理多重优先事项是影响黑人学生教育目标的另一个因素。报告发现，22%的黑人学生有需要照顾他人责任，而其他种族群体的学生只占11%。20%的黑人学生拥有全职工作，其他种族群体只有11%。
知识点解读：
1.multiple：数量多的；多种多样的，例如，“The research by crossing and integration among the multiple subjects would be an important direction of in-depth study in this field.
多学科的交叉融合是该领域得以深入研究的重要方向。”其同义表达为：a variety of：例如，“A variety of circumstances had prevented his marrying.由于种种原因，他的婚事耽搁了下来。”Multifarious：例如，“All of us have multifarious attitudes , which results in our pain. 我们所有的人都有各种各样的态度，这是我们的痛苦。”
第四段：Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to take out more loans to cover the cost of attending college.
参考译文：除了遭受歧视和承担多种责任以外，数据表示，黑人学生难以完成学业的其他障碍还包括高昂的上学费用。教育信托基金会2022年4月的一份报告发现，由于黑人女性属于两个边缘化群体，她们赚的钱更少，而且经常不得不靠更多贷款来支付上大学的费用。
知识点解读：
1.Aside from: 此外，除……还有，例如，“Aside from the red glow, there is nothing to see out of the window.透过舷窗向外望去，除了一片红光，什么也看不见。”
其同义表达还有：Apart from：例如，“Apart from a fright , he was uninjured.除了吓一跳以外，他没受伤。
”In addition to:例如，“In addition to the killed and wounded , many were missed . 除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。”
第五段：Courtney Brown, vice president of strategic impact and planning at the Lumina Foundation, said that ultimately, lower college enrollment and completion creates “a huge problem for our economy and our society.”
参考译文：卢米纳基金会负责战略影响和规划的副总裁考特尼·布朗表示，最终，大学入学率和毕业率降低会“给我们的经济和社会带来巨大的问题”。
知识点解读：
1.vice president：副总统，也可以表示为“副总裁、副校长”，具体意思看语境，例如，“Vice presidents are always hailed as partners of the president.副总统总是被捧为总统的伙伴。”各种“副的”的表达：最常用的词缀是“vice-”，比如，“vice-chancellor 副校长”，
例如，“The vice-chancellor is one of the most important figures of a university.副校长是大学里最重要的职务之一。”“deputy”也很常见，可以理解成“副手、副职”，例如，“The deputy manager serves as the second-in-command of the team. 代理经理担任该团队“第二把手”的角色。”“acting”则用来强调“临时出任某个职务”，例如，“Smith serves as the acting executive during the CEO’s absence.史密斯在首席执行官不在的时候担任临时行政主管一职。”
2.college enrollment：高校招生，例如，“A topic of hot debate is the regional equality of the country's college enrollment.焦点话题是国家高校招生的地域平等。”
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