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外刊中的知识星球： 疫情时代下的经济衰退
纽约时报自疫情爆发以来发表了大量关于世界经济运转的文章，今天让我们来一起了解一下疫情时代下的经济衰退，本文涉及很多经济领域的表达，建议大家做好笔记哦！
原文导读（节选） Recession Watch Since into recession, as defined by a year-on- 1900 the global economy has fallen year decline in gdp per person, about once a decade on average. In 2020 the world experienced the deepest downturn since the end of the second world war. Just two years on, is another recession on the way?
Worries are certainly mounting. The war in Ukraine has triggered higher food and energy prices, which have hammered households’ disposable incomes. Lockdowns in China are disrupting supply chains. And central banks are rapidly raising interest rates to tame inflation.
Fears about the state of the world economy have jolted financial markets. In the past month stockmarkets in rich countries have fallen by more than a tenth. Risky assets, including tech stocks and cryptocurrencies, have taken a nasty blow. Economists, meanwhile, are steadily downgrading their forecasts for global growth. To what extent are recession fears already materialising? A look at the data gives grounds for cautious optimism—for now, at least.
True, in many places people sound as though the recession is already here. Across the oecd, a club mostly of rich countries that accounts for more than 60% of global gdp, consumer confidence is now lower than it was when the coronavirus first struck (see chart on next page, top panel). A gauge of American consumers’ sentiment constructed by the University of Michigan this month fell to its lowest level in a decade, according to a preliminary estimate. Respondents were gloomier about their own financial situations; fewer of them thought it a propitious time to buy durable goods, on account of high inflation. If consumers hold back from spending, the economy will slow.
第一段：Since into recession, as defined by a year-on- 1900 the global economy has fallen year decline in GDP per person, about once a decade on average. In 2020 the world experienced the deepest downturn since the end of the second world war. Just two years on, is another recession on the way?
推荐译文：自1900年进入衰退以来，全球经济人均gdp逐年下降，平均每十年下降一次。2020年，世界经历了自第二次世界大战结束以来最严重的经济衰退。仅仅两年过去了，又一次衰退在即吗？
知识点解读：
recession：n. 经济衰退; 不景气，例如，“The whole country is in the grip of a serious recession.整个国家正处于严重的衰退中。”。经济学人金融模块中常见的地道表达为“economic recession 经济衰退”。此外，关于“经济不景气、经济下滑、经济放缓”的表达还有如下：
downturn:不景气;衰退(原文亦出现)。例如，“Heavy labor taxes are one reason why Europe entered the downturn with far higher unemployment than America。高额的劳动力税是欧洲以国更高的失业率步入衰退的原因之一。”
Meltdown：暴跌，彻底崩盘。例如，“2008 was the year of the banking meltdown.2008年是银行彻底垮台的一年。”
Slump：暴跌，萧条期，例如，“Economists are forecasting a slump.经济学家们预言将发生经济衰退。”
Decline：经济下滑，常用的地道表达为“in decline 在衰退中”；“economic decline 经济衰退”。
第二段：Worries are certainly mounting. The war in Ukraine has triggered higher food and energy prices, which have hammered households’ disposable incomes. And central banks are rapidly raising interest rates to tame inflation.
推荐译文：人们的担忧肯定在增加。乌克兰战争引发了食品和能源价格的上涨，这严重影响了家庭的可支配收入。各国央行正在迅速提高利率以抑制通货膨胀。
知识点解读：
1.mount：登上；增加；上升，常用于抽象表达，如原文。经济学中常用“mount up”描述“增长；上升”，例如，“His debts continued to mount up. 他的债务在不断增长”。
2.trigger: 触发；引发，引起,在经济学上常用以表示“引发某些不良的经济现象或者后果”，例如此前经济学人中有类似的表达，“The outbreak triggered an economic recession. 疫情爆发引发了经济衰退”。
3.hammer:敲打；锤击，在经济学领域常用于表达“受到阻碍、重创而延缓”的意思。
4.disposable：在经济学上主要表示两个意思，一是“一次使用后即丢掉的, 一次性的”，例如，“ disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子”；二是“可自由支配的（钱）”，例如原文中的“ disposable income 可支配收入”。
5.tame：本意表示“驯服”，在经济学领域表示“遏止，抑制”，例如原文中的“ tame inflation 抑制通货膨胀”。
第三段：Fears about the state of the world economy have jolted financial markets. In the past month stockmarkets in rich countries have fallen by more than a tenth. Risky assets, including tech stocks and cryptocurrencies, have taken a nasty blow. Economists, meanwhile, are steadily downgrading their forecasts for global growth. To what extent are recession fears already materialising? A look at the data gives grounds for cautious optimism—for now, at least.
推荐译文：对世界经济状况的担忧震动了金融市场。在过去的一个月里，富裕国家的股市下跌了十分之一以上。包括科技股和加密货币在内的风险资产受到了沉重打击。与此同时，经济学家正在稳步下调对全球增长的预测。对衰退的担忧在多大程度上已经成为现实？至少从目前来看，看看这些数据就有理由保持谨慎的乐观。
知识点解读：
1.jolt：本义指“ (使)摇动；(使)震惊”，在经济学领域常表示“市场震动、不稳定”之意，如原文中的“ jolted financial markets.使金融市场发生震动”。
2.a tenth：十分之一。关于分数的表达，大家需要记住如下：英文分数的表达为“基数词＋序数词”，如果基数词大于1，序数词要变为复数，如“ three tenths 十分之三”。
3.blow：击打、重创、沉重打击。例如，“ Risky assets, including tech stocks and cryptocurrencies, have taken a nasty blow. 包括科技股和加密货币在内的风险资产受到了沉重打击。”
4.gives grounds for：为…提供理由、依据。
第四段：True, in many places people sound as though the recession is already here. Across the OECD, a club mostly of rich countries that accounts for more than 60% of global GDP, consumer confidence is now lower than it was when the coronavirus first struck. A gauge of American consumers’ sentiment constructed by the University of Michigan this month fell to its lowest level in a decade, according to a preliminary estimate. Respondents were gloomier about their own financial situations; fewer of them thought it a propitious time to buy durable goods, on account of high inflation. If consumers hold back from spending, the economy will slow.
推荐译文：诚然，在许多地方，给人的感觉好像经济衰退已经到来了。经合组织（OECD）是一个主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部，占全球GDP的60%以上，目前其消费者信心低于新冠病毒首次来袭时的水平。据初步估计，密歇根大学本月构建的美国消费者信心指数跌至十年来的最低水平。受访者对自己的财务状况更悲观；由于高通胀，很少有人认为现在是购买耐用品的有利时机。如果消费者抑制消费，经济将放缓。
知识点解读：
1.accounts for：占…比例，例如，“ The economy fell by one billion, accounting for 60%. The economy fell by one billion, accounting for 60%.”
2.Struck：原型为“strike”，意为“重创、打击”，在经济学上多指急速或突然一次猛击，还可以用来表示“罢工”，惯用的表达为“ on strike 罢工，罢工中”。
3.Gloom：昏暗, 阴暗，沮丧, 失望，在经济学上特指经济惨淡。此单词有个十分地道的表达为“doom and gloom”，意为“前景不妙，厄运”。
4.on account of：表示原因，“由于”，例如，“ Unfortunately I have had to leave my position on account of the discoutinuance of the business.由于公司停业，我不得不离开而另寻工作。”
hold back from：抑制…，在经济学上常用于表达“抑制消费”之意，例如，“ If consumers hold back from spending, the economy will slow.如果消费者抑制消费，经济将放缓。
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