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·外刊精读· 美国堕胎法案通过至今一直为人们所诟病，今天让我们一同来看看外媒是如何报道的。 原文导读 From choice to crime: Facts about abortion bans in the USIn the United States, a country proclaiming itself as a "beacon of human rights", women can be convicted of abortion - a choice about their own life and their own body - which is an ironic and flagrant violation of human rights.From the founding of the United States until the early 20th century, abortion was considered a crime. In 1973 Roe v. Wade became a milestone for establishing a new American civil right - the right for a pregnant woman to have an abortion in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy without government restrictions. It was a new right and new choice for women to control their own body, choose their own lifestyle and pursue their own happiness.And yet after 49 years, the choice of abortion in most instances becomes a crime again with the overturning of Roe v. Wade on 24 June 2022. To date, 31 states have enacted one or more abortion bans and 19 million women cannot access abortion in their state of residence, demonstrating that the development of human rights has not always been a linear process in the United States, and it has gone in reverse.In addition, abortion bans create obstacles for victims to get timely and confidential access to abortion when sexual assault results in pregnancy. It is cruel and inhumane that in many states like Alabama, Ohio and Texas, exceptions are not allowed even for a pregnancy that is the product of sexual assault after the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. In June 2022, a 10-year-old girl and rape victim in Ohio was denied an abortion in her home state because she was 6 weeks and 3 days pregnant and therefore was forced to travel to Indiana for a legal abortion. Laws about abortion bans amplify the harms of sexual assault, violating the victim's bodily autonomy a second time and exposing them to further indignity and trauma.It should also be noted that the harms brought on by abortion bans disproportionately affect women of color, who have less access to medical care due in large part to systemic discrimination, exclusion from the workforce and expensive health care.There is a great irony that the US has always been boasting its respect for human rights, while on the issue of abortion it goes back to where it was 49 years ago. The human rights in US will not be fully attained before accessible, affordable and compassionate abortion care for every woman can be guaranteed. 知识点解读 第一段：In the United States, a country proclaiming itself as a "beacon of human rights", women can be convicted of abortion - a choice about their own life and their own body - which is an ironic and flagrant violation of human rights.
参考译文：在美国这个自诩是 "人权灯塔 "的国家，妇女却会因堕胎而被定罪—堕胎是她们对自己生命和身体的选择—这是对人权的讽刺和公然侵犯。
知识点解读：
1.Proclaim：声明；宣告，例如，“His accent proclaimed that he was a southerner.他的口音表明他是南方人。”
大家要注意区分以下的几个词：
announce：多指首次宣布大家感兴趣的事情。
declare：侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。
proclaim：指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针。
pronounce：较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布。
advertise：指通过文字和图像资料等的反复宣传而引起公众的注意。
broadcast：专指利用广播或电视发表见解。
publish：专指通过报刊或其它媒介向公众公布事情。
2.be convicted of：通常指“定罪、宣判有罪”，例如，“Has never been convicted of a criminal offence. 从未因触犯任何刑事罪行而被定罪。” | 第二段：From the founding of the United States until the early 20th century, abortion was considered a crime. In 1973 Roe v. Wade became a milestone for establishing a new American civil right - the right for a pregnant woman to have an abortion in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy without government restrictions. It was a new right and new choice for women to control their own body, choose their own lifestyle and pursue their own happiness.
参考译文：从美国建国到20世纪初，堕胎一直被定为犯罪。1973年，罗伊诉韦德案成为建立新的美国公民权利的里程碑--孕妇有权在怀孕的前24周内进行堕胎，不受政府限制。这是妇女掌控自己的身体、选择自己的生活方式和追求自己的幸福的一项新权利和新选择。
知识点解读：
1.have an abortion：打胎，流产，例如，“When she became pregnant , they tried to force her to have an abortion.当她怀孕后，他们强迫她把孩子拿掉。”
拓展学习“have”常考的一些表达：
have an antipathy to：对...有反感, 生性不爱.. ，例如，“Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。”
have an apathy to：对...冷淡，例如，“Alice was sick and had an apathy to food.艾丽斯心里作呕，不想吃东西。”
have an appetite for：爱好; 有得到…，例如，“Americans are always discontent with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of ease.美国人不会满足于他们取得的成就，比起安于现状，他们更倾向于开拓进取。”
还有常见的表达如“have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲”。 | 第三段：And yet after 49 years, the choice of abortion in most instances becomes a crime again with the overturning of Roe v. Wade on 24 June 2022. To date, 31 states have enacted one or more abortion bans and 19 million women cannot access abortion in their state of residence, demonstrating that the development of human rights has not always been a linear process in the United States, and it has gone in reverse.
参考译文：然而49年后，随着2022年6月24日罗伊诉韦德案被推翻，在大多数情况下选择堕胎又成为一种犯罪。迄今为止，已有31个州颁布了一项或多项堕胎禁令，1900万妇女无法在其居住的州获得堕胎服务，这表明人权的发展在美国并不总是一个线性的过程，甚至背道而驰。
知识点解读：
1.Overturn：一是指(使)翻过来，(使)倒转，例如，“Huge waves overturned the boat .大浪打翻了小船。”二是指颠覆，推翻，例如，“They overturned in 1923 state wartime statutes forbidding the use of foreign languages in school.1923年，他们推翻了禁止在学校中使用外语的一些州的战时法令。”常说的“政府垮台”就是“the overturn of the government”。
http://2.in reverse：在背面；与...相反；反向，例如，“Drive the automobile in reverse until you get out of the alley.倒开汽车直到你开出这条巷子。”
常见的表达有如下：just the reverse：正好相反，恰恰相反forward and reverse：正反向reverse side：背面，反面 | 第四段：In addition, abortion bans create obstacles for victims to get timely and confidential access to abortion when sexual assault results in pregnancy. It is cruel and inhumane that in many states like Alabama, Ohio and Texas, exceptions are not allowed even for a pregnancy that is the product of sexual assault after the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. In June 2022, a 10-year-old girl and rape victim in Ohio was denied an abortion in her home state because she was 6 weeks and 3 days pregnant and therefore was forced to travel to Indiana for a legal abortion. Laws about abortion bans amplify the harms of sexual assault, violating the victim's bodily autonomy a second time and exposing them to further indignity and trauma.
参考译文：此外，当性侵犯导致怀孕时，堕胎禁令为受害者获得及时和保密的堕胎服务设置了障碍。在阿拉巴马州、俄亥俄州和德克萨斯州等许多州，即使是怀孕6周后的性侵犯怀孕也不允许有例外情况，这是残酷和不人道的。2022年6月，俄亥俄州的一名10岁被强奸怀孕的女孩在家乡被拒绝堕胎，因为她已经怀孕6周零3天，因此被迫前往印第安纳州进行合法堕胎。有关禁止堕胎的法律放大了性侵犯的伤害，再次侵犯了受害者的身体自主权，使他们面临进一步的侮辱和创伤。
知识点解读：
1.create obstacles for：给……制造障碍，相当于“impede, obstruct, hinder, hamper, and block”等：
block：语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
bar：含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入。
hinder：语气较轻，多指阻碍和拖延，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
obstruct：比较正式，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
hamper：侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。
2.sexual assault：性侵犯，是一个地道表达，例如，“Every police district is obliged to have at least one officer trained to deal with domestic violence, including sexual assault.每个警察局至少有一位官员接受培训，懂得处理家庭暴力，包括性暴力。”
3.amplify the harm：加重伤害，相当于“aggravate, intensify, heighten, enhance”等：
enhance：侧重指增加价值等使人物具有的吸引力。
heighten：通常指使某物的某种性质变得不同于一般的显著。
intensify：指深化和强化某事某物，尤指其特别之处。
aggravate：指加剧令人不快的形势。 | 第五段：It should also be noted that the harms brought on by abortion bans disproportionately affect women of color, who have less access to medical care due in large part to systemic discrimination, exclusion from the workforce and expensive health care.
参考译文：还应注意的是，禁止堕胎带来的伤害对有色人种妇女的影响更大，她们获得医疗服务的机会更少，这在很大程度上是由于系统性的歧视、被排除在劳动力之外和昂贵的医疗服务。
知识点解读：
1.women of color：有色人种的女性，常说的“有色人种”就是“people of color”。
2.exclusion from：排斥、排除在外，例如，“She did not close because of high status or low on the exclusion from class.她不因地位高而亲近，也不因阶层低就排斥。” | 第六段：There is a great irony that the US has always been boasting its respect for human rights, while on the issue of abortion it goes back to where it was 49 years ago. The human rights in US will not be fully attained before accessible, affordable and compassionate abortion care for every woman can be guaranteed.
参考译文：具有极大讽刺意味的是，美国一直在吹嘘自己对人权的尊重，而在堕胎问题上却又回到了49年前的状态。在保证每个妇女都能获得可获得的、负担得起的和富有同情心的堕胎护理之前，美国的人权不会完全实现。
知识点解读：
1.Boast：炫耀，自负，例如，“We must never brag and boast. 我们决不可自吹自擂。”
要注意区分以下几个词：
boast 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸，常含言过其实的意思。
brag 非正式用词，语气强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸自己做某事比他人做好。
pride指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
2.on the issue of：关于，例如，“Foreign diplomats have been keen to see how China would come down on the issue of regulation.外国的外交人士一直渴望了解中国如何看待监管问题。”
3.Attain：达到，获得，例如，“He attained his goal at the expense of others .他牺牲别人来达到自己的目的。”
拓展几个词语：
Detain：扣留；拘留，例如，“We shall have to detain him and question him.我们只好把他扣起来，讯问他一下。”
Retain：保留；保持，例如，“I wish to retain it as a precious memory.我愿意把它保留在心头，作为珍贵的记忆。” |
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