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[考研经验] 【外刊中的知识星球】关于经济的竞争

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发表于 2022-5-11 11:11:40 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
外刊中的知识星球-04
关于经济的竞争

内卷已经成为新常态,无论是生活还是工作,无时无处不在比较。关于经济方面的竞争,不知道大家了解多少呢?经济学人对此的报道中有特别多值得学习的地方,让我们一起来看看吧。

原文报道(节选)
The curse of competence

A central bank’s reputation is determined as much by its relationship with the government as by its handling of financial reputation crises and economic downturns. Over the past 300 years, as governments have sought to enhance or sometimes restrict central banks’ powers, the mood has varied from collaborative and harmonious to antagonistic and fractious. By the end of the 20th century the tone had shifted to a grudging respect. Politicians came to learn that they interfered with central banks at their peril. The technocrats were told to aim for some combination of low inflation, high employment, a stable financial system and a reliable currency, and were mostly left alone to get on with the job.

This is not just because central banks have bought vast quantities of public debt in an attempt to shore up economies. They have also come closer to disbursing implicit subsidies on their own account. During the pandemic they did this to keep firms alive. Now they are mulling schemes to deal with such issues as climate change. They are being pressed to solve various social problems.

标题:The curse of competence

参考翻译:竞争之咒

知识点解读:curse: vt. & vi. 诅咒;骂; n. 诅咒,咒语;骂人的话,祸害,祸根。常见的地道表达:

be under the curse:遭天谴
be cursed with 深受…之害;因…而遭殃

第一段:A central bank’s reputation is determined as much by its relationship with the government as by its handling of financial reputation crises and economic downturns. Over the past 300 years, as governments have sought to enhance or sometimes restrict central banks’ powers, the mood has varied from collaborative and harmonious to antagonistic and fractious. By the end of the 20th century the tone had shifted to a grudging respect. Politicians came to learn that they interfered with central banks at their peril. The technocrats were told to aim for some combination of low inflation, high employment, a stable financial system and a reliable currency, and were mostly left alone to get on with the job.

参考翻译:中央银行的声誉既取决于它与政府的关系,也取决于它对金融信誉危机和经济衰退的处理。在过去的300年里,各国政府试图加强或时而限制中央银行的权力,双方的态度从合作、友好到对立、争吵不休。到了20世纪末,双方的态度已经转变为勉为其难的尊重。政治家们了解到,他们干预中央银行会给自己带来危险。技术官僚们被告知要以低通货膨胀、高就业率、稳定的金融体系和可靠的货币为目标,然而他们大多却被晾在一边继续工作。

知识点解读:

1.As much as:既可以表示数量上“与…一样多”,也可以表示程度上“像…一样”。原文取后者的意思。例如,“I haven’t as much responsibility as before. 我不再担负过去那样多的责任了。”常见的地道表达还有“as much as possible”,表示“尽可能……”。例如,“如:I want to learn as much as possible about the industry so that I'm better prepared. 我想尽可能多学一些关于这个行业的知识,让自己更有备无患。”

2.Financial: adj. 财政的, 金融的。常见的表达有“financial crisis 金融危机;财政危机”;“financial risk 财务风险”;“financial support [经]财务支援,财政支援”;“financial analysis 财务分析”。

词汇辨析:

economic 指与political“政治的”相对而言的“经济的”。

economical 指与“节约”同义的“经济”,含“节约,不浪费”之意。

economy 在名词前作形容词用,相当于economical,表“节约的”或“经济实惠的”。

3.Enhance:vt. 提高, 增加, 加强,侧重指增加价值,魅力或声望等使人或物具有超乎寻常的吸引力。例如,“Good secretarial skills should enhance your chances of getting a job. 出色的秘书工作技能会增加你找工作的机会。”

词汇辨析:

heighten 通常指使某物的某种性质变得不同于一般的显著或突出。例如,The news heightened my fears. 这消息使我更加恐惧。

intensify 指深化或强化某事或某物,尤指其特别之处。例如,The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。

aggravate 指加剧令人不快或困难的形势。例如,If he aggravated me any more I shall hit him. 假如他再激怒我, 我就要揍他。

4.Restrict:vt. 限制;限定;约束。

词汇辨析:

limit 一般指空间、时间或数量的极限。

confine 侧重施加限制,有时暗示束缚、囚禁。

restrict 指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内。

5.Vary:常见搭配:vary from A to B:从A变成B。常见表达“改变”的词汇:

change 指任何变化,完全改变,强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。

alter 常指轻微的改变,强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。

vary 暗示不规则或断断续续地变。

convert 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时,强调较激烈、大的改变。

modify指细小的变化,常含“缓和、降调”的意味。

transform 指人或物在性质等方面发生的彻底变化,失去原状成为全新的东西。

turn 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化,比change更通俗。

6.Interfere: vi. 干预;妨碍;惯用表达“interfere with 干扰,干涉;妨碍;”和“interfere in vt. 干涉,干预”,例如:“Not to interfere in my per sonal affairs.别干涉我的私事。”;“Emotional problems can seriously interfere with a student’s work.感情问题可能严重妨碍学生的学习。”考试常考interfere与intervene的区别:

interfere 侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。

intervene 书面用词,指介入争端,进行调停,也指干涉他人之事。

7.peril:n. 危险;冒险;vt. 危及。常指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。常见的搭配:in peril of 冒着…的危险;使发生危险;有…的危险;在危险中;在危急中;at the peril of 冒…的危险。关于“危险”的其他词汇:

danger 含义广,普通用词,指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。

risk 指有可能发生的危险,尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。

hazard 比risk正式,多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险,常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。

menace 所指的危险性最严重,表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。

threat 普通用词,语气弱于menace,指任何公开侵犯对方的言行,给对方构成危险或威胁。

8.aim:vt. & vi. (以…)瞄准;vi. 以…为目标[目的];n. 瞄准,目标,目的。aim 是从本义“靶子”引申而来,侧重比较具体而明确的目标,但常指短期目标。aim一词主要要分清与其他表示“目标”的词的区别:

goal 指经过考虑和选择,需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。

purpose 普通用词,既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的,又指心中渴望要实际的目标。

target 指射击的靶,军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或潮笑的目标。

object 强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的。

objective与object基本同义,但语义更广泛,指具体或很快能达到的目的,也可指军事目标。书面用词。

9.inflation:经济学词汇,意为“通货膨胀”;其反义词为“deflation”,意为“通货紧缩”。

第二段:This is not just because central banks have bought vast quantities of public debt in an attempt to shore up economies. They have also come closer to disbursing implicit subsidies on their own account. During the pandemic they did this to keep firms alive. Now they are mulling schemes to deal with such issues as climate change.

参考翻译:这不仅仅是因为中央银行为了支撑经济而购买了大量的公共债券。他们也更多地以自身为担保发放隐性补贴。在大流行病期间,他们这样做是为了让企业生存下去。现在,他们正在酝酿如何应对气候变化等问题。

知识点解读:

1.quantity:表示“数量”,常见的表达有“a large quantity of adj. 大量的”;“quantities of 许多……”。另外一个长得很相似的词是“quality”,表示“质量”。大家要注意区分。

http://2.in an attempt to:尝试做某事;等于attempt to do sth。

3.pandemic:特指“n. (全国或全球性)流行病,瘟疫”,例如,“pandemic influenza.流感”。其近义词为“epidemic”,也是指“n. 流行病;传染病;风尚等的流行”,例如,“cholera epidemic 霍乱”。

4.alive:只可做表语,表示“活着的”,例如常见表达“keep alive保持生机;使……活着”。其近义词为living,也是表示“活着的”,但是特指“人和动植物的生命没有消失、仍然存在的状态”,可以做表语和定语,例如,“living creature 生物”。
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